Journal articles about World War Zoo Gardens

 

Some lovely online journal links to the World War Zoo Gardens project at Newquay Zoo 

 

BGEN web article https://bgen.org.uk/resources/free/using-the-garden-ghosts-of-your-wartime-or-historic-past/

 

BGCI Roots journal https://www.bgci.org/files/Worldwide/Education/Roots_PDFs/Roots%207.1.pdf  

 

ABWAK Keepers journal March 2014 https://abwak.org/uploads/PDF%20documents/RATEL%20PDFs/RATEL_March_2014.pdf 

 

IZE journal no. 50 2014 http://izea.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/1.-FULL-IZE-Journal-2014-FINAL-.pdf 

 

World War Zoo Gardens Blog https://worldwarzoogardener1939.wordpress.com/   

 

You’re already here! Published since 2009, including centenary posts on the centenary anniversary of each zoo staff or zoo gardener, botanic gardener, gardener, naturalist and associated trades that we are aware of as having been killed in WW1 or WW2.

 

Twitter https://twitter.com/worldwarzoo1939

 

 

The original Dig For Victory Teachers Pack from the Royal Parks / Imperial War Musuem 2008 allotment project

 

http://www.carrickfergusinbloom.org/DFVTeachersPack.pdf

 

Posted by Mark Norris, World War Zoo Gardens project, Monday 2nd October 2017

 

 

 

World War Zoo gardens project blog has passed the 5000th reader / web hit mark and is preparing for an award- can you help?

Display corner from World War Zoo gardens project June 2010 - Fox Rosehill Gardens, Falmouth, Cornwall display

Hooray! Our World War Zoo gardens project has just passed the 5000 reader mark since we started the blog in Summer 2009. 

We have also recently celebrated our first ‘podcast’ last week – have you heard this? 

We’re now putting the World War Zoo garden project, displays, launch weekend, Facebook & Twitter pages, blog and all forward for a prestigious BIAZA Education (General & Public Visitor) award.(British and Irish Association of Zoos And Aquaria) www.biaza.org.uk   The deadline is  July 23rd, 2010. 

We need your help! We always need feedback and comment from users, readers or visitors on such projects. 

Did it surprise you to learn about this neglected aspect of history? 

Did it surprise you to learn that a modern zoo has a wartime Dig For Victory allotment on one of its former lawns? 

Have you enjoyed looking at some of the objects in the zoo’s wartime collection, featured in photographs on the site? 

Did you get the connection? Has World War Zoo  made you think differently about the past and the resource challenges of the future? 

Has it evoked any interesting memories or family stories of the time? Would you like to share them with us? 

Some of our source material - old wartime gardening books by the fabulous Mr. Middleton, Imperial War museum seeds from their Ministry of Food exhibition online shop, 1940s varieties available from modern seed suppliers like Suttons, all in an ARP 1940s tin medical box - World War Zoo gardens display, Newquay Zoo

Many thanks to those of you who have already left comments or sent us emails about our project and its unusual way of communicating sustainability, recycling and grow your own and food miles “with a  Vera Lynn soundtrack” by looking at the experiences of zoos, aquariums and botanic gardens in the 1940s.   

We’d love you to leave us a comment.

You can browse the earlier articles back to July 2009 or look at our blogroll for useful links, including the excellent Imperial War Museum  Ministry of Food exhibition running throughout 2010.

You can comment via our blog direct to the project team.

Talk about fresh! Talk about food metres, not miles! Everyone gets conscripted or enlisted – Kat from our Cafe Lemur washing some of our surplus salad lettuce for use in the zoo cafe, once zoo keepers had used as much as they could! World War Zoo project, Newquay Zoo.

Biodiversity Day, paper potters and 1940s wartime vegetable varieties – another busy week in the World War Zoo gardens at Newquay Zoo

Saturday 22^nd May 2010 is Biodiversity Day when our paper potters, stacks of old local newspapers from the Zoo Front Office (a press cuttings book is kept of all our media coverage) and big sack of Sutton’s sunflowers seeds will be out again (after a successful Wartime garden weekend earlier this month).

Visitors to Newquay Zoo www.newquayzoo.org.uk  can  pot up and take home a free wildlife gardening friendly sunflower during their visit.

Sunflowers from last year's zoo gardens, useful enrichment for animals and wildlfe ffriendly too!

 There’s also a chance to read and see more about wildlife gardening, nest boxes and the work of the Wildlife Trusts in our Native Wildlife Centre room, housing our Harvest Mice and next to our Sand Lizard section. That’s several things we’ve done this year for 2010 International Year of Biodiversity.

Paper pot maker in the wartime zoo garden, Newquay Zoo, 2010

 

We were asked often during the wartime weekend activities just past where we got our clever paper pot makers from. The paper potters came from Hen and Hammock http://www.henandhammock.co.uk and are FSC wood at £9.90 each plus post. A paper potter is also available as part of a beautiful larger planter set of FSC Oak wooden garden tools  at £33.90 including postage  from  the ever helpful Joe and Chris Fuller  at Mit Hus.  (Dear Father Christmas, if you read blogs, this is one very practical and beautiful present for  the World War Zoo wartime zoo gardener’s Christmas wish list).  http://www.mithus.co.uk/acatalog/Oak_Potting_Shed_Collection.html

Resolve to do one thing this year for biodiversity

We can all do at least one positive something for biodiversity this year. Like many groups such as our Zoo network of BIAZA http://www.biaza.org.uk ,  BIAZA members The Wildfowl and Wetland Trust, The RHS and Wildlife Trusts,  the World War Zoo gardens project at Newquay Zoo is supporting the UK’s 2010 International Year of Biodiversity campaign to Do One Thing.  Find out more at www.biodiversityislife.net 

If you’re not sure what to do, we have some suggestions below. And when you do it, tell your friends and family about it to encourage them to do something too. If you have a twitter account, don’t forget to follow @iybuk too and tell others what you’re doing. 

 Plant Conservation Day (on May 18th 2010) www.plantconservationday.org  has lots more information about ways of getting involved  http://bgci.org/plantconservationday. We’ll be planting some wartime varieties, heirloom or heritage varieties of vegetables and flowers in the wartime garden and try to save the seeds. 

You can find out more about heirloom varieties and local varieties of plants and seeds for your area at: 

 the Postcode Plants Database (produced by Flora for Fauna) www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/life/plants-fungi/postcode-plants

·                 Heritage Seed Library (HDRA) run by Garden Organic http://www.gardenorganic.org.uk

·                 http://www.squidoo.com/heritageseeds  for Seed Savers exchange, The Real Seed Catalogue etc, Emma Cooper’s  Alternative Kitchen Garden blog http://coopette.com/akg . and other lists for the UK and around the world

There are many suggestions of things we can all do for International Year of Biodiversity at http://www.biodiversityislife.net/?q=do-one-thing and from the Wildfowl and Wetland Trust website www.wwt.org.uk and Wild about gardens website www.wildaboutgardens.org.uk  : 

1.      plant some wildlife friendly mixtures of flowers

2.      save your seeds or plant heirloom varieties

3.      build a wildlife pond in the garden 

4.      install a water butt and connect the down pipe from the gutter to a water butt and connect the overflow of the water butt to the pond or garden

5.      become a member of conservation organisation

6.      volunteer at a conservation organisation

7.      adopt an animal (or vegetable  – see www.gardenorganic.org.uk)

8.      remember wildlife or conservation organisations in your will

9.      Don’t mow your lawn – an untidy garden encourages wildlife (we like this one a lot)

10.  Dig up your lawn (like we did with one at Newquay Zoo) and plant veg or apply for an allotment from your local council, or turn over some of your garden to growing your own. Check out the BBC Dig In campaign for lots of advice and allotment links.

Happy digging! Contact us at the World War Zoo gardens project via comments on this blog.

.

A first ABC of wartime vegetable varieties, our ‘free gift’ to you to celebrate Plant Conservation Day 2010, 18 May 2010 from the World War Zoo gardens at Newquay Zoo

Still growing strong and available today: Ormskirk Late cabbages, a wartime variety which has done survived winter well here since photographed on planting last summer 2009, World War Zoo gardens project.

Get involved and ‘Do One Thing’ for wildlife this year

Tuesday May 18^th 2010 is Global Plant Conservation Day, reminding us that our  vegetable and flower gardens are a strange mixture of plants and varieties from the local area and from all over the world.

 Some of these varieties are hundreds of years old and still growing strong.  Sadly others have become like the endangered zoo animals and rare breed livestock of the plant world, in need of heritage seed banks to preserve their quirkiness and unusual genes for a changing future.

Plant Conservation Day (on May 18th 2010)  www.plantconservationday.org  has lots more information about ways of getting involved  http://bgci.org/plantconservationday.

Our contribution? Bookwork as well as spadework. 

 I have been busy reading wartime gardening books from the zoo archive over the quieter winter months, the period when these wartime gardening books suggest polishing your spade, reading seed catalogues or planning your garden as there’s nothing much doing in the garden.  What I’ve been searching for (with an A to Z notebook handy) are the names of 1940s varieties in use and recommended during wartime, so as to find authentic varieties for our own plot.

This sonorous A to Z of wartime vegetable varieties is growing but still incomplete as I’m now checking them against many of the 2010 seed catalogues to see what survives in cultivation. I’ve selected below a short ABC of wartime vegetables as a taster  and will put the whole list on the blog and as part of a new ‘dig for victory’ / ‘war on waste’ schools garden pack in future (combining the history curriculum with the science, geography, healthy eating, sustainability   and growing schools gardens elements of primary school).

A first  draft 2010 ABC of 1940s Wartime vegetable varieties

 Work in progress: these have been compiled by the World War Zoo gardens project from lists in eleven 1940s gardening books, leaflets and magazines. The right hand column lists the code for eleven source books e.g. MGG and how often they are mentioned, so you get a rough idea of how widely recommended they were at the time.  We’ll publish the bibliography when the list is complete.

 Asparagus 

• Connover’s Colossal                                                                                                                  

Artichoke, Jerusalem 

• New White                                                       PG

 Artichoke, Globe

• Green Globe                                                                
• Purple Globe                                                     PG

 Artichoke, Chinese

 Bean, French Bean

• Bounteous                                                        
• Canadian Wonder                                             IZ
• Kentucky Wonder                                             (USA – Old Homestead)
• Masterpiece                                                      
• The Prince                                                         IZ

Bean, Broad Bean

Longpod varieties

• Exhibition Longpod (early)                               G
• Dwarf Early Magazan              MGG
• Magazan or Longpod Early                                WTGHN
• Prolific Longpod (early)                                     IZ
• Seville Longpod                                                 PG

 Windsor varieties

• Early Giant Windsor (broad type)                     PG
• Early White Windsor                                        WTG
• Great Windsor (maincrop) (broad type)          IZ
• Green Windsor                                                 WTGHN
• Improved Broad Windsor                                              
• Windsor                                                             WTGHN

 Bean, Runner Bean

•  Best of All                                                         IZ
• Princeps                                                             VGD
• Prizewinner                                                       MGG
• Scarlet Emperor                                                 MGG
• Streamline                                                          MGG
• Sutton’s Exhibition                                             WTG
• Rajah (white seeded)                                         UWC

 Brussels Sprouts  

• Aigburth                                                             WTGHN
• Clucas’ Favourite                                               PG
• Darlington                                                          MGG
• Evesham Special                                                 PG
• Fillbasket                                                           
• Harrisons XXX                                                  VGD
• Matchless                                                           PG
• The Wroxton                                                   

 Broccoli

• Calabrese                                                           WVG
• Clucas’ June                                                       WTG
• Eastertide (spring v.)                                          MGG              
• Extra Early Roscoff (autumn v.)                         PG
• Late Feltham                                                      PG
• Leamington  (spring v.)                                     
• Late Queen (spring v.)                                      
• May Queen                                                       
• Methuen’s Late June                                          MGG
• Methuen’s  June                                                 MGG
• Michaelmas White (autumn v.)                         MGG
• Christmas Purple Sprouting                               HN
• Early Purple Sprouting                                      
• Late Purple Sprouting                                        VGD
• Roscoff No.1 & No. 2  (winter v.)                    PG
• Roscoff No. 3 & No. 4  (early spring  v.)          PG
• Roscoff No. 5  (late spring  v.)                          PG
• Snow’s Winter White  (autumn v.)
• Veitch’s Self Protecting (autumn v.)G
• Walcheren  (autumn v.)                           
• Whitsuntide (spring v.)                                      MGG
• Winter White                                                    MGG
• Winter Queen                                                   MGG

Beetroot

Long-rooted varieties

• Cheltenham Green Top                                   
• Perfection                                                          PG
• Sutton’s Blood-Red                                            MGG

Globe-rooted varieties

• Crimson Globe                                                  VGD
• Detroit                                                               IZ
• Empire Globe                                                    MGG
• Crimson Ball                                                    PG

Cabbage

• January King (winter v.)                                     MGG
• Baby Roundhead                                                VGD
• Christmas Drumhead (winter v.)
• Clucas’ Roundhead                                            WTG
• Durham Early                                                     AGG1/1, WTG
• Early Market                                                      WTG
• Early Offenham                                              
• Ellam’s Early                                                      MGG
• Enfield Market                                                   IZ
• Flower of Spring                                                MGG
• Harbinger (spring v.)                                          WTG, PG, IZ, MGG
• Imperial                                                              IZ
• Non – Pareil                                                      WTG
• Primo                                                                
• Tender and True                                               IZ
• Utility                                                                 MGG
• Velocity (first Spring sowing)                            MGG
• Winnigstadt                                                   MGG
• Portugal Cabbage – Couve Tronchuda             MGG
• Chinese Cabbage – Pe Tsai                               ?

NB Savoy cabbages such as Ormskirk Late (pictured) will be listed later.

Carrot

• Shorthorn for shallow soil,  small or stump-rooted variety.
• Intermediate for medium depth
• Long, long-rooted for deep soil, exhibition variety

Varieties

•  Altrincham                              (Long)              MGG
• Chantenay                               (Intermediate)    MGG
• Champion Scarlet Horn (early)                         IZ                    
• Early Gem                               (Small)               
• Early Horn                              ?                          WTG
• Early Nantes                           (Small)                MGG
• Early Shorthorn (forcing)        (Small)                PG
• James Intermediate                 (Intermediate)MGG
• James Scarlet Intermediate     (Intermediate)    PG
• Long Surrey                             (Long)                 PG
• Long Red Surrey                     (Long)                 MGG
• New Red Intermediate (maincrop) (Intermed)      IZ
• Scarlet Horn                           (Small)                MGG
• Scarlet Intermediate (maincrop)  (Intermediate)    WTG
• St. Valary / Valery                   (Long)                 MGG

Cauliflower

• All The Year Round                                        MGG
• Autumn  
• Early Chantenay                                                 VGD
• Early Erfurt                                                         MGG
• Early Giant                                                         PG
• Early London                                                      VGD, MGG
• Early Market                                                      VGD
• Early Six Weeks                                                 WTGHN
• Early Snowball                                                   VGD, PG, MGG
• Eclipse (autumn v.)                                             MGG
• Walcheren                                                         WTGHN

Celery

Endive

• Moss Curled  (early)                                          WTGHN, PG, MGG
• Green Curled                                                    WTGHN, VGD
• Batavian (winter)                                               WTGHN, MGG
• Batavian Broad-leaved

Initials in CAPITALS e.g. MGG, WTGHN are our codes for which book we found the reference, so ignore these.
And here my ‘vegetable love’ was exhausted for one typing session.         Look out for more of the list and updates in the next few weeks.

Meanwhile you can check which of  these 1940s varieties are still available by searching the seed catalogues online or request a catalogue  from  Suttons Seeds, Mr. Fothergills, D.T. Brown, Unwins, Thompson & Morgan, The Real Seed Company and many others. 

Plant Conservation Day (on May 18th 2010) www.plantconservationday.org  has lots more information about ways of getting involved  http://bgci.org/plantconservationday. We’ll be planting some wartime varieties, heirloom or heritage varieties of vegetables and flowers in the wartime garden and try to save the seeds. 

You can find out more about heirloom varieties and local varieties of plants and seeds for your area at: 

•  the Postcode Plants Database (produced by Flora for Fauna) www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/life/plants-fungi/postcode-plants
• Heritage Seed Library (HDRA) run by Garden Organic http://www.gardenorganic.org.uk
• http://www.squidoo.com/heritageseeds  for Seed Savers exchnage, The Real Seed Catalogue etc, Emma Cooper’s  Alternative Kitchen Garden blog http://coopette.com/akg . and other lists for the UK and around the world

 

Happy digging! Contact us at the World War Zoo gardens project via comments on this blog …

Look out for Saturday 22^nd May 2010,  Biodiversity Day with mnay events in BIAZA zoos, aquariums and other sites. We’ll be posting more on this during the week.

Wartime gardening 1940 style, Plant Conservation Day 2010 and International Year of Biodiversity in the World War Zoo gardens at Newquay Zoo

Get involved and ‘Do One Thing’ for wildlife this year

Sunflowers for wild bird seed (and feeding wartime chickens) World War Zoo garden, Newquay Zoo, 2009 (now the site of a new walkthrough Madagascan aviary)

We can all do something positive for biodiversity this year. At the World War Zoo gardens project here at Newquay Zoo, we   like many groups such as BIAZA, Wildfowl and Wetland Trust, RHS and Wildlife Trusts are supporting the UK’s 2010 International Year of Biodiversity campaign to Do One Thing.  Find out more at www.biodiversityislife.net 

Resolve to do one thing this year  for biodiversity.  If you’re not sure what to do, we have some suggestions below. And when you do it, tell your friends and family about it to encourage them to do something too. If you have a twitter account, don’t forget to follow @iybuk too and tell others what you’re doing. 

We will be promoting 2010 International Year of Biodiversity and also Plant Conservation Day (on May 18th 2010)  our second World War Zoo wartime garden weekend at Newquay Zoo 1 to 3 May 2010. This weekend also launches our Plant Hunters trail celebrating  plant hunters like the Lobb brothers, wartime secret agent and ageing plant hunter Frank Kingdon-Ward and the exotic plants they brought back from daring exploits around the world. Our vegetable and flower gardens are a strange mixture of plants and varieties from the local area and from all over the world. 

Heirloom varieties and 'Vera Lynn' commemorative varieties of Sweet peas are one of the flowers brightening up the World War Zoo wartime garden that will be sown this year.

Plant Conservation Day (on May 18th 2010) www.plantconservationday.org  has lots more information about ways of getting involved  http://bgci.org/plantconservationday. We’ll be planting some wartime varieties, heirloom or heritage varieties of vegetables and flowers in the wartime garden and try to save the seeds. 

You can find out more about heirloom varieties and local varieties of plants and seeds for your area at: 

•  the Postcode Plants Database (produced by Flora for Fauna) www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/life/plants-fungi/postcode-plants
• Heritage Seed Library (HDRA) run by Garden Organic http://www.gardenorganic.org.uk
• http://www.squidoo.com/heritageseeds  for Seed Savers exchnage, The Real Seed Catalogue etc, Emma Cooper’s  Alternative Kitchen Garden blog http://coopette.com/akg . and other lists for the UK and around the world

There are many suggestions of things we can all do for International Year of Biodiversity at http://www.biodiversityislife.net/?q=do-one-thing and from the Wildfowl and Wetland Trust website www.wwt.org.uk and Wild about gardens website www.wildaboutgardens.org.uk  : 

1. plant some wildlife friendly mixtures of flowers
2. save your seeds or plant heirloom varieties
3. build a wildlife pond in the garden 
4. install a water butt and connect the down pipe from the gutter to a water butt and connect the overflow of the water butt to the pond or garden
5. become a member of conservation organisation
6. volunteer at a conservation organisation
7. adopt an animal (or vegetable  – see www.gardenorganic.org.uk)
8. remember wildlife or conservation organisations in your will
9. Don’t mow your lawn – an untidy garden encourages wildlife (we like this one a lot)
10. Dig up your lawn (like we did with one at Newquay Zoo) and plant veg or apply for an allotment from your local council, or turn over some of your garden to growing your own.

Lend a hand with the sand(bags) …

Not a bomb site but redeveloping the old parrot aviary, coati house and tortoise summer enclosure ; old sand for a new use, Richard the Newquay zoo gardener and Robyn from the zoo education team filling sandbags for the zoo keeper's wartime garden. Rubble from the old enclosures forms the base of the new ones in some neat wartime recycling.

Newquay Zoo Director Stewart Muir, being a respected wildlife artist, has an eye for things around the zoo. Sandbags, he declared! Sandbags are what we need to add atmosphere to the wartime garden especially in its winter plumage. 

So at risk of being mistaken for a flood prevention scheme, sandbags were bought and are now being filled using the sand from the surrounds of old parrot, tortoise and coati enclosures being taken down for rebuilding into a larger aviary and home to some rare Madagascan mongoose. So this corner of the zoo might appropriately look like a bomb site but it’s all in a good cause of conservation at www.newquayzoo.org.uk. 

Also in a good cause: waylaying passing members of staff from all walks of zoo life from gardeners to admin staff, education staff and keepers, even the operations manager being asked to lend a hand with the sand(bags) re-enacting on a dark wet afternoon what happened in zoos, gardens and aquaria  all over Britain and elsewhere as vital sections of the zoo such as glasshouses and shelter tunnels were sandbagged for safety. 

A fine album of photographs of zoo staff digging in (or filling sandbags) can be found on the wartime garden’s own Facebook page worldwarzoo worldwarzoogardener, established last week http://http://www.facebook.com/#/profile.php?ref=name&id=100000564684596. Join up (enlist today!) to see more of our developments. We will also establish a Flickr site for photos of the wartime garden in the next few weeks.   

It’s the perfect sort of gardening job for when the weather is frosty or wet at this time of the year. Our salad crops are still hanging on. The leeks have not needed ‘heeling in’ (laying down slightly with a covering of earth) yet to avoid frost damage. Thankfully no snow or frost has further damaged any more trial plantings in the wartime zoo garden, although it might also help kill off a few more slugs! 

A stock of sandbags still features in many zoo storerooms to prevent flooding, this zoo being built around a stream valley. Zoos still have crisis or disaster plans for fire, flood etc. but thankfully not as worrying as those for wartime zoos on what to do in an air raid! 

Our colleagues in botanic gardens often had the same problems, sandbags and sticky paper to protect their delicate glasshouses. James Wheeler the director of Birmingham Botanic Gardens sent me some pages from Oasis of Delight, the biography of the gardens by Phyllida Barnard. The same preparations had to be made in gardens as in zoos.  Just as many zoos still maintain a botanic garden function, Birmingham Botanic Gardens was not alone in having an animal collection. Both young keepers and gardeners were called up for military service. Dangerous snakes which could not be rehomed were euthanased and the bear enclosures reinforced to avoid animal escapes during air raids. (Ballard, P. (1983) An Oasis of Delight: The History of the Birmingham Botanical Gardens).   

'Sandbags and sticky paper', sign from the wartime garden launch weekend trail in August 2009, Newquay Zoo

 An original November 1939 copy of Animal and Zoo Magazine produced by Julian Huxley at London Zoo shows the preparations there. 

Not just managers and keepers, London Zoo had real team work for their sandbagging; both human and non-human primates doing ARP duties, September 1939

Further research for the World War Zoo project should reveal more about wartime life in zoos, aquaria and botanic gardens, not just in Britain but across Europe and further afield.

Keep following the blog for more stories and news of this garden.

Any comments, relevant links or historical snippets that you know of please send us these via the comments feed.

 

Feel free to post a link to our site to your own networks – even leeks and salad crops like having friends and getting emails.

 

Have a happy and peaceful sandbag free Christmas – see our previous Christmas blog for wartime Christmas ideas!

The World War Zoo project team at Newquay Zoo